![]() ![]() ![]() The experience of health threat is dependent upon individual appraisal, and the framework incorporates Folkman and Lazarus' transactional model of stress, as well as Leventhal's illness representation model. ![]() This context includes socio-economic factors, social support, social norms, and external factors such as the mass media. The situation is viewed as the health threat or illness symptoms as well as the psychosocial context within which the person is operating. It is an interactionist model which views outcomes as dependent upon both situation and person variables. It is based upon models developed within health psychology and aims to provide a theoretical basis for nurse researchers to utilize psychosocial variables. Crucial differences in the ways that men and women appraise and cope with situations involving forgiveness are discussed.Ī framework for the study of coping, illness behaviour and outcomesThis paper presents a theoretical framework for the study of coping, illness attribution, health behaviour and outcomes. The results for men are broadly in line with a more traditional model of coping, which does not consider the construct of low control. The results for women indicate that when forgiveness situations are conceptualized as low-control stressors, we are able to explain the relationships between forgiveness, appraisal, and coping. For women, forgiveness was found to be positively associated with emotion-focused coping and acceptance, and negatively associated with avoidance. For men, forgiveness was found to be positively associated with the use of challenge appraisals, and negatively associated with the use of loss appraisals and emotion-focused coping. ![]() One-hundred sixty six men and 168 women completed measures of forgiveness, primary stress appraisals, and coping strategies. The present study investigated forgiveness in a traditional cognitive model of stress appraisal and coping and in a more recent model that includes the construct of low control stressors. ![]()
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December 2022
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